美国外语学会 （ACTFL）的口语能力测试OPI
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages
-oral proficiency I
novice: can communicate minimally with formulaic and rote utterance, lists and phrases.
intermediate: can create with language, ask and answer simple questions on familiar topics, and handle a simple situation or transaction.
advanced : can narrate and describe in all major time frames and handle a situation with a complication
superior : can support opinion, hypothesize, discuss topics concretely and abstractly, and handle a linguistically unfamiliar situation.
